Brick

== = = =** What are they made of? **=

Bricks may be made from clay, shale, soft slate, calcium silicate, concrete or shaped quarried stone. Clay is the most common material.
=** What are they used for? **= === Bricks are used for building and pavement. Bricks are also used in the metallurgy and glass industries for lining furnaces. They have various uses, especially refractory bricks such as silica, magnesia, chamotte and neutral (chromomagnesite) refractory bricks. This type of brick must have good thermal shock resistance, refractoriness under load, high melting point, and satisfactory porosity. There is a large refractory brick industry, especially in the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States. ===

=** How many types of brick are there? **= === Brick masonry units may be solid, hollow, or architectural terra cotta. All types can serve a structural function, a decorative function, or a combination of both. The various types differ in their formation and composition. === === CORED BRICK  **,**  are made with two rows of   five holes extending through their beds to reduce   weight. There is no significant difference between the strength of walls constructed with cored brick and those constructed with solid brick. Resistance  to moisture penetration is about the same for both   types of walls. ===
 * ===** BUILDING BRICK **, also called common, hard, or kiln-run brick, is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns. These bricks have no special shoring, markings, surface texture, or color. Because building bricks are generally used as the backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls, the harder and more durable types are preferred. ===
 * === ·  ** FACE BRICK, ** is better quality and has better   durability and appearance than building brick. Because of this, face bricks are used in exposed wall faces. The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown, red, gray, yellow, and white.  ===
 * === ·  ** CLINKER BRICK **, is overburned in the kiln. Clinker   bricks are usually rough, hard, durable, and sometimes irregular in shape.  ===
 * === · ** PRESSED BRICK, ** is made by a dry-press process,  rather than by kiln firing. Pressed bricks have regular, smooth faces, sharp edges, and perfectly square corners. Ordinarily, they are used like face brick  ===
 * === ** GLAZED BRICK, ** has one surface coated with a white  or colored ceramic glazing. The glazing forms when mineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coating during burning. Glazed bricks are particularly suited to walls or partitions in hospitals, dairies, laboratories, and other structures requiring sanitary conditions and ease of cleaning.  ===
 * === FIREBRICK  **,**  is made of a special type of fire   clay that will withstand the high temperatures of   fireplaces, boilers, and similar usages without   cracking or decomposing. Firebrick is larger than   regular structural brick, and often, it is hand molded.  ===
 * === SAND-LIME BRICKS are made from a lean   mixture of slaked lime and fine silicious sand,   molded under mechanical pressure and hardened   under steam pressure.  ===

= **What is the meaning of //brick laying techniques//?** = === Bricklaying is a trade that specialises in building and repairing walls, floors, partitions, fireplaces, chimneys, as well as other structures with brick or concrete block. A bricklayer may use their skills for residential or large commercial development projects. Additionally, bricklayers may also refurbish brickwork on restoration projects. === === Typically it involves hands on bricklaying like measuring the work area following the architect's plans, mixing mortar by hand or with a mechanical mixer, laying the bricks and applying the mortar, shaping and trimming bricks using bricklaying tools and checking that the brick wall is straight. === = = =** Describe 2 brick laying techniques: **=

= Use of brick in construction and public spaces: = === Brick is used for construction of fences or walls due to the resistance to climatic changes. The brick is easy to transportation and production, but can only be used in combination with mortar. Generally performed great public works of this material, such as plazas, arches and small asphalt, this is due to its durability over time and ease of installation. Another aspect by which the brick is used in construction and public works is because can be made different models according to needs. ===



San Lorenzo Church and Chapel of Jesus Nazareno


 * a. Comparison and contrast **


 * b. Description **


 * c. Exemplification **


 * d. Cause/Effect **


 * e. Chronology **


 * ** Brick **** compares **** favorably with stone as a structural material for its fire-and-weather resisting qualities and for the ease of production, transportation, and laying. The size of bricks is limited by the need for efficient drying, firing, and handling, but shapes, along with the techniques of bricklaying, have varied widely throughout history. Special shapes can be produced by molding to meet particular structural or expressive requirements ( **** for example ****, wedge-shaped bricks are sometimes employed in arch construction and bricks with rounded faces in columns). ** ||


 * ** Bricks may be used in construction only in conjunction with mortar, since the unit is too small, too light, and too irregular to be stabilized by weight. Each course must be laid on an ample mortar bed with mortar filling the vertical joints. The commonest ancient Roman bricks **** were **** cut into triangles and laid with the base out and the apex set into a concrete filling that provided additional strength. ** ||


 * ** Regular bricks are bonded either as headers (short side out) or stretchers (long side out). Standard modern types provide a ratio of width to length of slightly less than 1:2 to **** permit **** a wide variety of bonding patterns within a consistent module, or standard of measurement. ** ||
 * ** Brick which **** has been **** used since the 4 th millennium BC, **** was **** the chief building material in the ancient Near East. The versatility of the medium was expanded in ancient Rome by **** improvements **** in the manufacture of both brick and mortar and by new techniques of laying and bonding. Employed throughout the Middle Ages, brick grained greater popularity from the 16 th . Century on, particularly in northern Europe. It is widely used in the 20 th Century, **** often for **** nonbearing walls in steel frame constructions. ** ||